Egyptian Alphabet
IPA Letter Gardiner
Κ” π“„Ώ ꜣ
j 𓇋 ỉ
j π“‡Œ y
Κ• 𓂝 κœ₯
w π“…± w
b 𓃀 b
p π“Šͺ p
f 𓆑 f
m π“…“ m
n π“ˆ– n
r π“‚‹ r
h 𓉔 h
Δ§ π“Ž› αΈ₯
IPA Letter Gardiner
x 𓐍 αΈ«
Γ§ π“„‘ αΊ–
s π“‹΄ s
z π“Šƒ z
Κƒ π“ˆ™ Ε‘
k π“Ž‘ k
g π“ŽΌ g
q π“ˆŽ αΈ³
t 𓏏 t
c 𓍿 αΉ―
d π“‚§ d
ɟ 𓆓 ḏ
Note

Sound l is written as either π“ˆ– n or π“‚‹ r, probably because the alphabet was created based on a dialect whose l was merged into n or r.

In hieratic script, π“‡Œ j and π“…± w are usually abbreviated as 𓏭 and 𓏲 respectively.

𓇋 will be written if the j sound is at the beginning of a word, or it’s after a stressed vowel.

π“‡Œ will be written if the j sound is before a stressed vowel.

In Middle Egyptian, pronunciation of π“Šƒ z became s, so that π“‹΄ and π“Šƒ can be used interchangeably. Pronunciation of 𓇋 became Κ” as well.

In Late Egyptian, not only 𓇋 j but also 𓏏 t, π“‚‹ r, and π“…± w became pronounced as Κ” after a stressed vowel. 𓍿 c and 𓆓 ɟ were often merged into 𓏏 t and π“‚§ d respectively. π“‚§ d, 𓆓 ɟ, and π“ŽΌ g were gradually being merged into 𓏏 t, 𓍿 c, and π“Ž‘ k respectively.